A knowledge of genes is an indispensable step in the understanding of biological phenomena at the molecular and cellular level. Decoding of the human genome was necessary for understanding human evolution, the causation of disease, and the interplay between the environment and heredity in defining the human condition. A project with the goal of determining the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome was first formally proposed in 1985. In 1990 the Human Genome Project (HGP) was officially initiated in the United States with a 15-year, $3 billion plan for completing the genome sequence. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was completed in 2003. Though the HGP is finished, analyses of the data will continue for many years.
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