Biological waste gas technologies are applied to a lot of decontamination cases such as in-situ soil and underwater cleaning (venting, air-sparging) and off-gases cleaning (food, oil and chemical industry, agriculture, waste water plant, gas station etc.). They can be used for removing of wide range of organic (hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, aldehydes, odours) and inorganic compounds (hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides). They are relatively cheap in comparison to conventional techniques such as incineration, condensation, absorption or adsorption. Biological treatment is environmentally friendly, performed at ambient temperatures, and it does not generate nitrogen oxides or secondary waste streams.
Bioscrubing, trickling biofiltration and biofiltration are typical waste gas cleaning technologies. Biofiltration appears to be cheapest and also most studied and most extensively used technology. Bioscrubing and trickling biofiltration are used rather to special applications. Trickling biofilter and biofilter are packed columns with organic or anorganic carrier material witch is covered with biocatalyst (film of microoganisms). Microorganisms convert pollutants into simply inorganic compounds such as carbon dioxide and water.
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