Gene editing technology could be used to save species on the brink of extinction

Earth's biodiversity is in crisis. It threatens beloved and important wildlife and also threatens to reduce the amount of genetic diversity – or variation – within species.

This variation in genes within a species is crucial for their ability to adapt to changes in the environment or resist diseases. Genetic variation is therefore crucial for species' long term survival.

Traditional conservation efforts – such as protected areas, measures to prevent poaching, and captive breeding – remain essential to prevent extinction. But even when these measures succeed in boosting population numbers, they cannot recover genetic diversity that has already been lost. The loss of a unique gene variant can take thousands of years of evolution before it is recovered by a lucky mutation.

International team of geneticists and wildlife biologists argues that the survival of some species will depend on gene editing, along with more traditional conservation actions. Using these advanced genetic tools, like those already revolutionizing agriculture and medicine, can give endangered species a boost by adding genetic diversity that isn't there.

Image source: van Oosterhout et al. (2025) Nature Reviews Biodiversity.