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A
acesulfame potassium
Acesulfame potassium is a calorie-free sugar substitute (artificial sweetener), also known as Acesulfame K or...
acetyl coenzyme A
Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions. Its...
acetylation
Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional...
actin
Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa moonlighting protein found in all eukaryotic cells (the only known exception...
acylation
In chemistry, acylation is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound. The compound providing the acyl...
acylphosphatase
In enzymology, an acylphosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction with...
adenine
Adenine (A, Ade) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative) with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular...
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with...
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate.
ATP transports chemical energy...
ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder. It is characterized primarily by...
adoptive cell transfer
Adoptive cell transfer is the passive transfer of cells, most commonly immune-derived cells, into a new recipient...
aerenchyma
Aerenchyma refers to spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange...
aerobic
Aerobic process or environment is one in which is a sufficient amount of molecular oxygen. The amount of oxygen is...
aflatoxins
Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, the most...
agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (updated scientific name: Rhizobacterium tumefaciens) is the causal agent of crown gall...
aldose
An aldose is a monosaccharide (a simple sugar) that contains only one aldehyde (-CH=O) group per molecule. The...
alkaloids
Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This...
alkylation
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as...
allele
An allele is one of two or more forms of a gene or a genetic locus. Sometimes, different alleles can result...
allergen
An allergen is any substance that can cause an allergy.
In technical terms, an allergen is an antigen capable of...
allergy
An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Allergic reactions occur when a person\'s immune...
alpha helix
Alpha helix is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins.
It is a right-handed coiled or spiral...
amines
Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
Amines...
amino acid
Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side-chain that is...
amyl nitrite
Amyl nitrite is the chemical compound with the formula C5H11ONO. A variety of isomers are known, but they all...
amylases
Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in human saliva,...
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also referred to as Lou Gehrig\'s disease in American English and motor...
anaerobic
Anaerobic process or environment is one where atmospheric oxygen is not present.
In such conditions, the...
anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the...
aneuploidy
Aneuploidy is an abnormal number of chromosomes, and is a type of chromosome abnormality. An extra or missing...
aneurysm
An aneurysm or aneurism is a localized, blood-filled balloon-like bulge in the wall of a blood vessel.
Aneurysms...
anosmia
Anosmia is a lack of functioning olfaction, or in other words, an inability to perceive odors. Anosmia may be...
anthocyanins
Anthocyanins (also anthocyans) are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue depending...
antigen
An antigen is a foreign molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by...
antioxidant
An antioxidant is a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation reactions can...
aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It is originating from the left ventricle of the heart and...
arginine
Arginine (abbreviated as Arg or R) is an amino acid. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino...
aRNA
Antisense RNA (aRNA) is a single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand transcribed...
aspartame
Aspartame is an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages....
assimilation
Assimilation in biology is the formation of self cellular material from small molecules derived from food...
atom
The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively...
Autism
autochthonous specie
In biogeography, a species is defined as native (or autochthonous / indigenous) to a given region or ecosystem if...
autoclave
An autoclave is a device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated...
autopsy
An autopsy—also known as a postmortem examination, necropsy (particularly as to non-human bodies), autopsia...
autosome
An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (i.e., not a sex chromosome).
Autosomes appear in pairs whose...
autotrophy
An autotroph is an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present in...
auxins
Auxins are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth substances) with some morphogen-like chara...
